Source code for photutils.isophote.model

# Licensed under a 3-clause BSD style license - see LICENSE.rst
"""
This module profiles tools for building a model elliptical galaxy image
from a list of isophotes.
"""

import numpy as np

from photutils.isophote.geometry import EllipseGeometry

__all__ = ['build_ellipse_model']


[docs] def build_ellipse_model(shape, isolist, fill=0.0, high_harmonics=False): """ Build a model elliptical galaxy image from a list of isophotes. For each ellipse in the input isophote list the algorithm fills the output image array with the corresponding isophotal intensity. Pixels in the output array are in general only partially covered by the isophote "pixel". The algorithm takes care of this partial pixel coverage by keeping track of how much intensity was added to each pixel by storing the partial area information in an auxiliary array. The information in this array is then used to normalize the pixel intensities. Parameters ---------- shape : 2-tuple The (ny, nx) shape of the array used to generate the input ``isolist``. isolist : `~photutils.isophote.IsophoteList` instance The isophote list created by the `~photutils.isophote.Ellipse` class. fill : float, optional The constant value to fill empty pixels. If an output pixel has no contribution from any isophote, it will be assigned this value. The default is 0. high_harmonics : bool, optional Whether to add the higher-order harmonics (i.e., ``a3``, ``b3``, ``a4``, and ``b4``; see `~photutils.isophote.Isophote` for details) to the result. Returns ------- result : 2D `~numpy.ndarray` The image with the model galaxy. """ from scipy.interpolate import LSQUnivariateSpline # the target grid is spaced in 0.1 pixel intervals so as # to ensure no gaps will result on the output array. finely_spaced_sma = np.arange(isolist[0].sma, isolist[-1].sma, 0.1) # interpolate ellipse parameters # End points must be discarded, but how many? # This seems to work so far nodes = isolist.sma[2:-2] intens_array = LSQUnivariateSpline( isolist.sma, isolist.intens, nodes)(finely_spaced_sma) eps_array = LSQUnivariateSpline( isolist.sma, isolist.eps, nodes)(finely_spaced_sma) pa_array = LSQUnivariateSpline( isolist.sma, isolist.pa, nodes)(finely_spaced_sma) x0_array = LSQUnivariateSpline( isolist.sma, isolist.x0, nodes)(finely_spaced_sma) y0_array = LSQUnivariateSpline( isolist.sma, isolist.y0, nodes)(finely_spaced_sma) grad_array = LSQUnivariateSpline( isolist.sma, isolist.grad, nodes)(finely_spaced_sma) a3_array = LSQUnivariateSpline( isolist.sma, isolist.a3, nodes)(finely_spaced_sma) b3_array = LSQUnivariateSpline( isolist.sma, isolist.b3, nodes)(finely_spaced_sma) a4_array = LSQUnivariateSpline( isolist.sma, isolist.a4, nodes)(finely_spaced_sma) b4_array = LSQUnivariateSpline( isolist.sma, isolist.b4, nodes)(finely_spaced_sma) # Return deviations from ellipticity to their original amplitude meaning a3_array = -a3_array * grad_array * finely_spaced_sma b3_array = -b3_array * grad_array * finely_spaced_sma a4_array = -a4_array * grad_array * finely_spaced_sma b4_array = -b4_array * grad_array * finely_spaced_sma # correct deviations cased by fluctuations in spline solution eps_array[np.where(eps_array < 0.0)] = 0.0 result = np.zeros(shape=shape) weight = np.zeros(shape=shape) eps_array[np.where(eps_array < 0.0)] = 0.05 # for each interpolated isophote, generate intensity values on the # output image array # for index in range(len(finely_spaced_sma)): for index in range(1, len(finely_spaced_sma)): sma0 = finely_spaced_sma[index] eps = eps_array[index] pa = pa_array[index] x0 = x0_array[index] y0 = y0_array[index] geometry = EllipseGeometry(x0, y0, sma0, eps, pa) intens = intens_array[index] # scan angles. Need to go a bit beyond full circle to ensure # full coverage. r = sma0 phi = 0.0 while phi <= 2 * np.pi + geometry._phi_min: # we might want to add the third and fourth harmonics # to the basic isophotal intensity. harm = 0.0 if high_harmonics: harm = (a3_array[index] * np.sin(3.0 * phi) + b3_array[index] * np.cos(3.0 * phi) + a4_array[index] * np.sin(4.0 * phi) + b4_array[index] * np.cos(4.0 * phi)) / 4.0 # get image coordinates of (r, phi) pixel x = r * np.cos(phi + pa) + x0 y = r * np.sin(phi + pa) + y0 i = int(x) j = int(y) if i > 0 and i < shape[1] - 1 and j > 0 and j < shape[0] - 1: # get fractional deviations relative to target array fx = x - float(i) fy = y - float(j) # add up the isophote contribution to the overlapping pixels result[j, i] += (intens + harm) * (1.0 - fy) * (1.0 - fx) result[j, i + 1] += (intens + harm) * (1.0 - fy) * fx result[j + 1, i] += (intens + harm) * fy * (1.0 - fx) result[j + 1, i + 1] += (intens + harm) * fy * fx # add up the fractional area contribution to the # overlapping pixels weight[j, i] += (1.0 - fy) * (1.0 - fx) weight[j, i + 1] += (1.0 - fy) * fx weight[j + 1, i] += fy * (1.0 - fx) weight[j + 1, i + 1] += fy * fx # step towards next pixel on ellipse phi = max((phi + 0.75 / r), geometry._phi_min) r = max(geometry.radius(phi), 0.5) # if outside image boundaries, ignore. else: break # zero weight values must be set to 1.0 weight[np.where(weight <= 0.0)] = 1.0 # normalize result /= weight # fill value result[np.where(result == 0.0)] = fill return result